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5 volts, will slowly destroy most LEDs.
At least any of the red, green, and yellow, ones on a computer.

They are 2v

I think Blue,and White uses 4v
Match your wire size to the amps, and 12' shouldn't matter.

Those LEDs draw nothing to speak of, though.

How does the circuit change if I wanted to instead power an LED rather than the line voltage? Do I need the Relay at all? I would think in this situation I'd have, in series, the 5V DC power source, a resistor, 1 or more LEDs, the magnetic switch.

This seems really simple. Any concern with the length of the DC circuit? The switch would be located about 12 feet from the light.

Security System / Burglar Alarm Components - Structured Home Wiring

you can use the door or the window contacts ,prefer window thou.
use 22awg or 18 awg wiring for the low voltage side [ can be expose ]

i think you would have better luck finding a relay with a 12 V or 24 V [ AC ] holding
coil than a DC one [ a bell transformer will work to power the coil]

Simple Relay Switch - Need Diagram Help

I've never created a circuit before, so please forgive the ignorance.

I am wanting to create a circuit that will switch a light on / off depending on the open / closed state of a door. I've done some research and believe that I need to use a relay circuit with a magnetic switch. I've found some sample diagrams that map this out, but none of them list out the part numbers.

The load will be a line voltage outdoor light.
The DC voltage will be whatever phone charger I can cannibalize, but I see the standards for the relays are 5, 9, or 12VDC, so I'll try to match this.
The magnetic switch will be of the NO variety.
I believe the diode needs to be 1N4148.
No idea on what type of relay I would need.

Am I missing anything?

All in all, this seems really simple, but I don't want to fry anything.

Thanks in advance.